List of endemic species of Taiwan
Appearance
The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan – that is, they naturally occur nowhere else on Earth.
Percentages of endemic species and subspecies in selected animal groups in Taiwan:
Category | Total species | Endemic species (& ssp.) | Percentages |
Mammals | 70 | 45 | 64% |
Birds | 450 | 84 | 19% |
Reptiles | 85 | 27 | 32% |
Amphibians | 37 | 17 | 46% |
Freshwater fish | 220 | 36 | 16% |
Butterflies | 400 | 50 | 13% |
Total | 1,257 | 252 | 20% |
Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.[1]
Category | Total (native) species | Endemic species (& ssp.) | Percentages |
Pteridophytes | 629 | 72 | 11% |
Gymnosperms | 28 | 18 | 64% |
Dicotyledons | 2,410 | 750 | 31% |
Monocotyledons | 1,010 | 227 | 23% |
Total | 4,077 | 1,067 | 26% |
Endemic fauna
[edit]Endemic mammals
[edit]- Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
- Formosan black bear – Ursus thibetanus formosanus
- Formosan ferret-badger – Melogale subaurantiaca (Swinhoe)
- Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
- Formosan boar – Sus scrofa taivanus
- Formosan sika deer – Cervus nippon taiouanus
- Taiwan serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)
- Order Eulipotyphla (shrews and kin)
- Taiwanese mole shrew – Anourosorex yamashinai Kuroda
- Tada's shrew – Crocidura tadae Tokuda & Kano
- Formosan shrew – Episoriculus fumidus Thomas
- Koshun shrew – Chodsigoa sodalis Thomas
- Kano's mole – Mogera kanoana Kawada et al.
- Order Rodentia (rodents)
- Formosan field vole – Apodemus semotus Thomas
- Spinous country-rat – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
- Formosan white-bellied rat – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
- Kikuchi's field vole – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)
- Formosan giant flying squirrel – Petaurista grandis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan red-and-white giant flying squirrel – Petaurista lena Thomas
- Order Primate (primates)
- Formosan macaque – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)
- Order Chiroptera (bats)
- Formosan long-eared bat – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
- Long-toed myotis – Myotis secundus Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou
- Reddish myotis – Myotis soror Ruedi, Csorba, Lin & Chou
- Formosan mouse-eared bat – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
- Formosan broad-muzzled bat – Submyotodon latirostris Kishida
- Bicolored tube-nosed bat – Murina bicolor Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee
- Slender tube-nosed bat – Murina gracilis Kuo et al.
- Formosan tube-nosed bat – Murina puta Kishida
- Murina recondita Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee, 2009
- Yellow-necked bat – Thainycteris torquatus Gabor & Lee
- Formosan leaf-nosed bat – Hipposideros terasensis Kisida
- Formosan greater horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
- Formosan lesser horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen
Endemic birds
[edit]32 endemic bird species and another 52 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 686 bird species). The thirty-two endemic species make up about 4.6% of all birds living in Taiwan.
- Order Passeriformes (passerines and relatives)
- Taiwan yellow tit – Machlolophus holsti
- Chestnut-bellied tit – Sittiparus castaneoventris
- White-whiskered laughingthrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
- White-throated laughingthrush – Pterorhinus albogularis
- Rusty laughingthrush – Pterorhinus poecilorhynchus
- White-eared sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
- Taiwan scimitar babbler – Pomatorhinus musicus
- Black-necklaced scimitar babbler – Erythrogenys erythrocnemis
- Taiwan cupwing – Pnoepyga formosana
- Taiwan barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
- Steere's liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
- Morrison's fulvetta – Alcippe morrisonia
- Taiwan blue magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
- Styan's bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
- Taiwan whistling thrush – Myophonus insularis Gould
- Collared bush robin – Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
- White-browed bush robin – Tarsiger indicus
- Taiwan bullfinch – Pyrrhula owstoni
- Taiwan rosefinch – Carpodacus formosanus
- Taiwan vivid niltava – Niltava vivida
- Taiwan thrush – Turdus niveiceps
- Taiwan shortwing – Brachypteryx goodfellowi
- Taiwan fulvetta – Fulvetta formosana
- Flamecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
- Taiwan bush warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis
- Taiwan hwamei – Garrulax taewanus
- Order Galliformes (chicken-like birds)
- Taiwan partridge – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
- Taiwan bamboo partridge – Bambusicola sonorivox
- Mikado pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilvie-Grant)
- Swinhoe's pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)
- Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
- Taiwan barbet – Megalaima nuchalis
Endemic reptiles
[edit]- Order Squamata (lizards and snakes)
- Formosan smooth skink – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
- Taiwan forest skink – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
- Plestiodon leucostictus (Hikida, 1988)
- Lanyu scaly-toed gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
- Kikuchi's gecko – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
- Gekko guishanicus – Lin & Yao, 2016
- Short-legged japalure – Diploderma brevipes Gressitt
- Diploderma luei – Ota, Chen & Shang, 1998
- Maki's japalura – Diploderma makii Ota
- Swinhoe's japalura – Diploderma swinhonis Gunther
- Formosan legless lizard – Ophisaurus formosensis Kishida
- Formosa grass lizard – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
- Sauteri grass lizard – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
- Hsuehshan grass lizard – Takydromus hsuehshanensis Lin & Cheng
- Stejneger's grass lizard – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
- Hengchun blind snake – Argyrophis koshunensis Oshima
- Atayal slug-eating snake – Pareas atayal You, Poyarkov & Lin, 2015
- Taiwan slug-eating snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
- Formosa odd-scaled snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
- Black odd-scaled snake – Achalinus niger Maki
- Maki's keelback – Hebius miyajimae Maki
- Swinhoe's grass snake – Rhabdophis swinhonis (Günther)
- Formosa coral snake – Sinomicrurus sauteri (Steindachner)
- Swinhoe's temperate Asian coralsnake – Sinomicrurus swinhoei (Van Dengurgh)
- Taiwan pit viper – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima
Endemic amphibians
[edit]- Order Anura (frogs and toads)
- Central Formosa toad – Bufo bankorensis
- Stejneger's narrow-mouthed toad – Micryletta steinegeri
- Swinhoe's brown frog – Odorrana swinhoana
- Taipa frog – Rana longicrus
- Sauter's brown frog – Rana sauteri
- Ota's stream tree frog – Buergeria otai
- Robust Buerger's frog – Buergeria robusta
- Kurixalus berylliniris
- Temple treefrog – Kurixalus idiootocus
- Kurixalus wangi
- Farmland green treefrog – Zhangixalus arvalis
- Orange-belly treefrog – Zhangixalus aurantiventris
- Moltrecht's green tree frog – Rhacophorus moltrechti
- Emerald green treefrog – Rhacophorus prasinatus
- Taipei tree frog – Zhangixalus taipeianus
- Order Urodela (salamanders and newts)
- Alishan salamander – Hynobius arisanensis
- Formosan salamander – Hynobius formosanus
- Taiwan lesser salamander – Hynobius fuca
- Nanhu salamander – Hynobius glacialis
- Sonani's salamander – Hynobius sonani
Endemic freshwater fishes
[edit]- Order Cypriniformes (minnows and carp)
- Taitung river loach – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng & Shen
- Formosan river loach – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
- Shen's river loach – Hemimyzon sheni Chen & Fang
- River loach – Formosania lacustris (Steindachner)
- Pulin river loach – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
- Metzia mesembrinum (Regan)
- Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
- Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
- Lake Candidus dace – Candidia barbata (Regan)
- Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu & Nalbant
- Taiwan ku fish – Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima)
- Freshwater minnow – Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther
- Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu & Nalbant
- Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
- Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
- Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)
- Order Gobiiformes (gobies and their relatives)
- Goby – Cryptocentrus yatsui Tomiyama
- Goby – Myersina yangii (Chen)
- Goby – Rhinogobius candidianus Regan
- Goby – Rhinogobius gigas Aonuma & Chen
- Goby – Rhinogobius formosanus Oshima
- Goby – Rhinogobius nantaiensis Aonuma & Chen
- Goby – Rhinogobius henchuenensis Chen & Shao
- Goby – Rhinogobius delicatus Chen & Shao
- Goby – Rhinogobius maculafasciatus Chen & Shao
- Goby – Rhinogobius rubromaculatus Lee & Chang
- Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller & Fang
- Order Siluriformes (catfishes)
- Formosan torrent catfish – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
- Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus adiposalis Oshima
- Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan
- Order Osmeriformes (smelts, galaxiids, and relatives)
- Ariake icefish – Neosalanx acuticeps Regan (endangered)[2]
- Order Salmoniformes (salmons and trouts)
- Formosan landlocked salmon – Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan & Oshima)
Endemic flora
[edit]This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2021) |
Taiwan is home to several endemic plant genera, species, and subspecies. Plants are sorted by family.[3]
Acanthaceae
[edit]- Dicliptera longiflora Hayata
- Hygrophila pogonocalyx Hayata
- Kudoacanthus Hosok.
- Kudoacanthus albonervosus Hosok.
- Lepidagathis palinensis S.S.Ying
- Rungia taiwanensis T.Yamaz.
- Strobilanthes chihsinlinensis S.S.Ying
- Strobilanthes formosana S.Moore
- Strobilanthes lanyuensis Seok, C.F.Hsieh & J.Murata
- Strobilanthes longespicata Hayata
- Strobilanthes taiwanensis S.S.Ying
Actinidiaceae
[edit]- Actinidia chinensis var. setosa H.L.Li
- Celosia taitoensis Hayata
Amaranthaceae
[edit]- Amaranthus shengkuangensis S.S.Ying
Amaryllidaceae
[edit]- Allium taiwanianum S.S.Ying
Apiaceae
[edit]- Angelica dahurica var. formosana (H.Boissieu) Yen
- Angelica hohuanshanensis S.S.Ying
- Angelica morrisonicola Hayata
- Angelica tarokoensis Hayata
- Anthriscus taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Bupleurum kaoi Liu, C.Y.Chao & Chuang
- Chaerophyllum involucratum (Hayata) K.F.Chung
- Chaerophyllum nanhuense (Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang) K.F.Chung
- Chaerophyllum taiwanianum (Masam.) K.F.Chung
- Cnidium monnieri var. formosanum (Y.Yabe) Kitag.
- Cnidium warburgii H.Wolff
- Conioselinum morrisonense Hayata
- Pimpinella niitakayamensis Hayata
- Pimpinella tagawae M.Hiroe
Apocynaceae
[edit]- Anodendron benthamianum Hemsl.
- Cynanchum lanhsuense T.Yamaz.
- Melodinus angustifolius Hayata
- Trachelospermum tulinense S.S.Ying
- Vincetoxicum insulicola Meve & Liede
- Vincetoxicum lui (Y.H.Tseng & C.T.Chao) Meve & Liede
- Vincetoxicum oshimae (Hayata) Meve & Liede
- Vincetoxicum sui (Y.H.Tseng & C.T.Chao) T.C.Hsu
- Vincetoxicum taiwanense (Hatus.) T.C.Hsu
Aquifoliaceae
[edit]- Ilex arisanensis Yamam.
- Ilex guanwuensis S.S.Ying
- Ilex hayatana Loes.
- Ilex hengchunensis S.S.Ying
- Ilex lonicerifolia Hayata
- Ilex lonicerifolia var. hakkuensis (Yamam.) S.Y.Hu
- Ilex lonicerifolia var. lonicerifolia
- Ilex lonicerifolia var. matsudae (Yamam.) Yamam.
- Ilex lupingsanensis H.E.Chiang
- Ilex matsudae Yamam.
- Ilex nokoensis Hayata
- Ilex parvifolia Hayata
- Ilex rarasanensis Sasaki
- Ilex rubroantheriana S.S.Ying
- Ilex suzukii S.Y.Hu
- Ilex tugitakayamensis Sasaki
- Ilex yunnanensis var. parvifolia (Hayata) S.Y.Hu
Araceae
[edit]- Amorphophallus henryi N.E.Br.
- Amorphophallus hirtus N.E.Br.
- Arisaema consanguineum subsp. kelung-insulare (Hayata) Gusman
- Arisaema formosanum (Hayata) Hayata
- Arisaema guanwuense S.S.Ying
- Arisaema ilanense J.C.Wang
- Arisaema taiwanense J.Murata
- Arisaema taiwanense var. brevipedunculatum J.Murata
- Arisaema taiwanense var. taiwanense
- Arisaema thunbergii subsp. autumnale J.C.Wang, J.Murata & H.Ohashi
- Arum taiwanianum S.S.Ying
- Homalomena kelungensis Hayata
- Rhaphidophora formosana Engl.
Araliaceae
[edit]- Aralia castanopsicola (Hayata) J.Wen – northern & central Taiwan
- Aralia decaisneana Hance
- Dendropanax pellucidopunctatus (Hayata) Kaneh.
- Fatsia polycarpa Hayata
- Hedera rhombea var. formosana (Nakai) H.L.Li
- Hedera siyuanwukouensis S.S.Ying
- Heptapleurum taiwanianum (Nakai) G.M.Plunkett & Lowry
- Hydrocotyle setulosa Hayata
- Sinopanax formosanus (Hayata) H.L.Li
Arecaceae
[edit]- Arenga engleri Becc.
- Calamus beccarii A.J.Hend. – southwestern Taiwan
- Calamus formosanus Becc.
- Pinanga tashiroi Hayata
Aristolochiaceae
[edit]- Aristolochia cucurbitifolia Hayata
- Aristolochia hohuanensis S.S.Ying
- Aristolochia pahsienshanianum (C.T.Lu, C.Lan Yang & J.C.Wang) S.S.Ying
- Aristolochia yujungiana C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang
- Asarum ampulliflorum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang
- Asarum chatienshanianum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang – northern Taiwan
- Asarum crassisepalum S.F.Huang, T.H.Hsieh & T.C.Huang
- Asarum hypogynum Hayata
- Asarum macranthum Hook.f. – northern Taiwan
- Asarum pubitessellatum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang
- Asarum shoukaense S.S.Ying
- Asarum taipingshanianum S.F.Huang, T.H.Hsieh & T.C.Huang
- Asarum tawushanianum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang - southern Taiwan
- Asarum tungyanshanianum S.S.Ying
- Asarum villisepalum C.T.Lu & J.C.Wang
Asparagaceae
[edit]- Aspidistra attenuata Hayata – central and southern Taiwan
- Aspidistra daibuensis Hayata – southeastern and southern Taiwan
- Aspidistra daibuensis var. daibuensis – southeastern and southern Taiwan
- Aspidistra daibuensis var. longkiauensis C.T.Lu, Ming Jen Yang & J.C.Wang
- Aspidistra longiconnectiva C.T.Lu, K.C.Chuang & J.C.Wang
- Aspidistra mushaensis Hayata – central Taiwan
- Aspidistra shoukaensis S.S.Ying
- Disporopsis shaolinchiensis S.S.Ying
- Heteropolygonatum alte-lobatum (Hayata) Y.H.Tseng, H.Y.Tzeng & C.T.Chao
- Maianthemum formosanum (Hayata) LaFrankie
- Maianthemum harae Y.H.Tseng & C.T.Chao
- Maianthemum shaolinchii S.S.Ying
- Ophiopogon shuangliuensis S.S.Ying
- Peliosanthes kaoi Ohwi – southeastern Taiwan (Taidong Xian)
- Polygonatum arisanense Hayata
- Polygonatum arisanense var. arisanense
- Polygonatum arisanense var. chingshuishanianum (S.S.Ying) C.T.Chao & Y.H.Tseng
- Polygonatum arisanense var. formosanum (Hayata) C.T.Chao & Y.H.Tseng
Aspleniaceae
[edit]- Asplenium cuneatiforme Christ
- Asplenium matsumurae Christ
- Asplenium subtrialatum (Seriz.) Y.H.Chang
- Asplenium × wangii C.M.Kuo (A. bullatum × A. wrightii)
- Asplenium wilfordii var. densum Rosenst.
- Athyrium erythropodum Hayata
- Athyrium leiopodum (Hayata) Tagawa
- Athyrium tripinnatum Tagawa
- Diplazium chioui T.C.Hsu
- Diplazium ketagalaniorum T.C.Hsu
- Diplazium kuoi T.C.Hsu
- Hymenasplenium adiantifrons (Hayata) Viane & S.Y.Dong
- Thelypteris × erubesquirolica W.C.Shieh & J.L.Tsai (T. erubescens × T. esquirolii)
- Thelypteris longipetiolata (K.Iwats.) K.Iwats.
- Woodsia okamotoi Tagawa
Asteraceae
[edit]- Ainsliaea chaochiei S.S.Ying
- Ainsliaea lalashanensis S.S.Ying
- Ainsliaea paucicapitata Hayata
- Anaphalis horaimontana Masam.
- Anaphalis nagasawae Hayata
- Anaphalis transnokoensis Sasaki
- Artemisia kawakamii Hayata
- Artemisia morrisonensis Hayata
- Artemisia niitakayamensis Hayata
- Artemisia oligocarpa Hayata
- Artemisia somae Hayata
- Artemisia somae var. batakensis (Hayata) Kitam.
- Artemisia somae var. somae
- Artemisia tsugitakaensis (Kitam.) Y.Ling & Y.R.Ling
- Aster altaicus var. taitoensis Kitam. - southeastern Taiwan
- Aster chingshuiensis Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou
- Aster guanwuensis S.S.Ying
- Aster ilanmontanus S.S.Ying
- Aster itsunboshi Kitam.
- Aster kanoi S.W.Chung, W.J.Huang & T.C.Hsu
- Aster morrisonensis Hayata
- Aster oldhamii Hemsl. – northern Taiwan
- Aster ovalifolius Kitam.
- Aster siyuanensis S.S.Ying
- Aster taiwanensis var. taiwanensis
- Aster takasago-montanus Sasaki
- Aster taoshanensis S.S.Ying
- Aster taoyuenensis S.S.Ying
- Blumea chishangensis S.W.Chung, Z.Hao Chen, S.H.Liu & W.J.Huang
- Blumea hsinbaiyangensis S.S.Ying
- Blumea humilis S.S.Ying
- Blumea linearis C.I Peng & W.P.Leu
- Blumea luoshaoensis S.S.Ying
- Carpesium parvicapitulum S.S.Ying
- Carpesium taiwanense S.S.Ying
- Chrysanthemum horaimontanum Masam.
- Chrysanthemum morii Hayata
- Cirsium arisanense Kitam.
- Cirsium chilaishanense S.S.Ying
- Cirsium ferum Kitam.
- Cirsium guanwuense S.S.Ying
- Cirsium nanhutashanense S.S.Ying
- Cirsium pitouchaoense S.S.Ying
- Cirsium suzukii Kitam. – northern Taiwan
- Cirsium taiwanense Y.H.Tseng & Chih Y.Chang
- Cirsium tatakaense Y.H.Tseng, Y.H.Tseng, Chih Y.Chang & C.Y.Chang
- Crepidiastrum hualienianum S.S.Ying
- Crepidiastrum taiwanianum Nakai
- Crepis meifenggensis S.S.Ying
- Erigeron fukuyamae Kitam.
- Erigeron morrisonensis Hayata
- Erigeron taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Eupatorium amabile Kitam.
- Eupatorium guanyuanense S.S.Ying
- Eupatorium hualienense C.H.Ou, S.W.Chung & C.I Peng
- Eupatorium loshanense S.S.Ying
- Eupatorium tashiroi Hayata
- Gynura formosana Kitam.
- Gynura taitungensis S.S.Ying
- Gynura tungyanshanensis S.S.Ying
- Hieracium morii Hayata
- Hieracium taiwanense S.S.Ying
- Inula taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Ixeridium calcicola C.I Peng, S.W.Chung & T.C.Hsu
- Ixeridium guanwuense S.S.Ying
- Ixeridium hohuanshanense S.S.Ying
- Ixeridium sandaiolingwaterfallense S.S.Ying
- Ixeridium transnokoense (Sasaki) Pak & Kawano
- Ixeris hopingtunnelensis S.S.Ying
- Jacobaea kuanshanensis (C.I Peng & S.W.Chung) S.S.Ying
- Jacobaea morrisonensis (Hayata) S.S.Ying
- Jacobaea tarokoensis (C.I Peng) S.S.Ying
- Lactuca mansuensis Hayata
- Lapsanastrum takasei (Sasaki) Pak & K.Bremer
- Launaea taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Leontopodium microphyllum Hayata
- Ligularia kojimae Kitam.
- Melanthera taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Nemosenecio formosanus (Kitam.) B.Nord.
- Paraprenanthes nanhutashanensis S.S.Ying
- Paraprenanthes shaolinchiensis S.S.Ying
- Paraprenanthes yangtoushanensis S.S.Ying
- Parasenecio morrisonensis Ying Liu, C.I Peng & Q.E.Yang
- Parasenecio nokoensis (Masam. & S.Suzuki) C.I Peng & S.W.Chung
- Parasenecio sylviaensis S.W.Chung & T.C.Hsu
- Pertya simozawae Masam.
- Petasites formosanus Kitam.
- Picris angustifolia subsp. morrisonensis (Hayata) S.S.Ying
- Picris angustifolia subsp. ohwiana (Kitam.) S.S.Ying
- Saussurea glandulosa Kitam.
- Saussurea kanzanensis Kitam.
- Saussurea kiraisiensis Masam.
- Scorzonera taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Senecio bilushenmulatus S.S.Ying
- Senecio loshanensis S.S.Ying
- Senecio scandens var. crataegifolius (Hayata) Kitam.
- Senecio shaoakoulatus S.S.Ying
- Senecio tulinensis S.S.Ying
- Syneilesis hayatae Kitam.
- Syneilesis subglabrata (Yamam. & Sasaki) Kitam.
- Taraxacum hohuanshanense S.S.Ying
- Tephroseris taitoensis (Hayata) Holub
- Youngia japonica subsp. monticola Koh Nakam. & C.I Peng
- Youngia lalashanensis S.S.Ying
- Youngia macrophylla S.S.Ying
Balsaminaceae
[edit]- Impatiens devolii T.C.Huang
- Impatiens tayemonii Hayata
- Impatiens uniflora Hayata
Begoniaceae
[edit]- Begonia austrotaiwanensis Y.K.Chen & C.I.Peng - southern Taiwan
- Begonia bouffordii C.I Peng – Nantou
- Begonia × buimontana Yamam. (B. palmata × B. taiwaniana)
- Begonia chitoensis Tang S.Liu & M.J.Lai – northern and central Taiwan
- Begonia × chungii C.I Peng & S.M.Ku (B. longifolia × B. palmata)
- Begonia chuyunshanensis C.I Peng & Y.K.Chen – southern Taiwan
- Begonia hohuanensis S.S.Ying
- Begonia lukuana Y.C.Liu & C.H.Ou
- Begonia nantoensis M.J.Lai – Nantou
- Begonia pinglinensis C.I Peng – northern Taiwan
- Begonia ravenii C.I.Peng & Y.K.Chen – western Taiwan
- Begonia shitoushanensis S.S.Ying
- Begonia shoukaensis S.S.Ying
- Begonia × taipeiensis C.I.Peng (B. formosana × B. longifolia) – northern Taiwan
- Begonia taiwaniana Hayata – southern Taiwan
- Begonia tengchiana C.I Peng & Y.K.Chen – south-central Taiwan
- Begonia tungyanshanensis S.S.Ying
- Begonia wutaiana C.I Peng & Y.K.Chen – south-central Taiwan
Berberidaceae
[edit]- Berberis alpicola C.K.Schneid. – Mt. Alishan
- Berberis aristatoserrulata Hayata – central Taiwan
- Berberis brevisepala Hayata – central Taiwan
- Berberis chingshuiensis Shimizu – east-central Taiwan
- Berberis hayatana Mizush. – north-central Taiwan
- Berberis japonica (Thunb.) Spreng.
- Berberis kawakamii Hayata – central Taiwan
- Berberis mingetsensis Hayata – west-central Taiwan
- Berberis morii Harber & C.C.Yu – eastern Taiwan
- Berberis morrisonensis Hayata
- Berberis nantoensis C.K.Schneid. – northern and north-central Taiwan
- Berberis pengii C.C.Yu & K.F.Chung – southern Taiwan
- Berberis ravenii C.C.Yu & K.F.Chung – southern Taiwan
- Berberis schaaliae C.C.Yu & K.F.Chung – eastern Taiwan
- Berberis tarokoensis S.Y.Lu & Yuen P.Yang – north-central Taiwan
Betulaceae
[edit]- Alnus formosana (Burkill) Makino
- Alnus henryi C.K.Schneid.
- Carpinus hebestroma Yamam. – Hualien Xian
- Carpinus kawakamii var. minutiserrata (Hayata) S.S.Ying
- Carpinus rankanensis Hayata
- Carpinus rankanensis var. mutsudae Yamam.
Boraginaceae
[edit]- Cynoglossum alpestre Ohwi – above 2500 m elevation
- Ehretia lengshuikengensis S.S.Ying
- Heliotropium formosanum I.M.Johnst
- Thyrocarpus cuifengensis S.S.Ying
- Trichodesma calycosum var. formosanum (Matsum.) I.M.Johnst.
- Trigonotis formosana var. elevatovenosa (Hayata) S.D.Shen & J.C.Wang – northern Taiwan
- Trigonotis nankotaizanensis (Sasaki) Masam. & Ohwi
Brassicaceae
[edit]- Arabis piluchiensis S.S.Ying
- Arabis shengkuangshanensis S.S.Ying
- Arabis taihumilis S.S.Ying
- Barbarea taiwaniana Ohwi – northern Taiwan
- Brassica taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Draba sekiyana Ohwi – Taiwan mountains
- Thismia huangii P.Y.Jiang & T.H.Hsieh – northwestern Taiwan
- Thismia taiwanensis Sheng Z.Yang, R.M.K.Saunders & C.J.Hsu – south-central Taiwan (Gaoxiong)
Buxaceae
[edit]- Buxus sinica var. intermedia (Hatus.) M.Cheng
- Sarcococca taiwaniana J.M.H.Shaw, Wynn-Jones & T.Y.A.Yang
Campanulaceae
[edit]- Adenophora morrisonensis Hayata
- Adenophora morrisonensis subsp. morrisonensis
- Adenophora morrisonensis subsp. uehatae (Yamam.) Lammers
- Adenophora taiwaniana S.S.Ying
- Codonopsis kawakamii Hayata – central Taiwan
- Wahlenbergia taiwaniana S.S.Ying
Caprifoliaceae
[edit]- Lonicera kawakamii (Hayata) Masam.
- Lonicera taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Lonicera tulinensis S.S.Ying
- Patrinia glabrifolia Yamam. & Sasaki – central and eastern Taiwan
- Scabiosa lacerifolia Hayata
- Valeriana hsui M.J.Jung
- Valeriana kawakamii Hayata
- Valeriana siyuaniana S.S.Ying
Caryophyllaceae
[edit]- Arenaria fulungensis S.S.Ying
- Arenaria siyuanakouensis S.S.Ying
- Arenaria taiwanensis S.S.Ying
- Cerastium morrisonense Hayata
- Cerastium nanhutashanense S.S.Ying
- Cerastium parvipetalum Hosok. – southern Taiwan
- Cerastium subpilosum Hayata – central Taiwan
- Cerastium takasagomontanum Masam. – central Taiwan
- Dianthus palinensis S.S.Ying – Taoyuan Xian: Bali
- Dianthus pygmaeus Hayata
- Dianthus taoshanensis S.S.Ying
- Nubelaria arisanensis (Hayata) M.T.Sharples & E.A.Tripp
- Silene morrisonmontana (Hayata) Ohwi & H.Ohashi
- Silene morrisonmontana var. glabella (Ohwi) Ohwi & H.Ohashi – northern Taiwan
- Silene morrisonmontana var. morrisonmontana
- Silene ohwii T.C.Hsu, C.K.Liao & S.W.Chung northern and central Taiwan
- Spergularia hohuanshanensis S.S.Ying
- Stellaria taiwanensis S.S.Ying
Celastraceae
[edit]- Euonymus spraguei Hayata
- Euonymus wulinensis S.S.Ying
- Glyptopetalum pallidifolium (Hayata) Q.R.Liu & S.Y.Meng
Clusiaceae
[edit]- Garcinia linii C.E.Chang – eastern Taiwan
Colchicaceae
[edit]- Disporum cantoniense var. kawakamii (Hayata) H.Hara
- Disporum kawakamii Hayata
- Disporum sessile var. intermedium (H.Hara) Y.H.Tseng & C.T.Chao – central Taiwan
- Disporum shimadae Hayata – northern Taiwan
Commelinaceae
[edit]- Commelina bicaeruloflora S.S.Ying
- Cyanotis kawakamii Hayata – southern Taiwan
Convolvulaceae
[edit]- Argyreia formosana Ishig. ex T.Yamaz. – southern Taiwan
- Ipomoea fangliaoensis S.S.Ying
- Ipomoea taiwanensis S.S.Ying
Crassulaceae
[edit]- Crassula nanshanchunensis (S.S.Ying) S.S.Ying
- Kalanchoe tachingshuii S.S.Ying
- Kalanchoe tashiroi Yamam. – southeastern Taiwan
- Phedimus subcapitatum (Hayata) S.S.Ying
- Sedum actinocarpum Yamam.
- Sedum arisanense Yamam.
- Sedum brachyrhinchum Yamam.
- Sedum cirenianum S.S.Ying
- Sedum erythrospermum subsp. erythrospermum
- Sedum kwanwuense H.W.Lin, J.C.Wang & C.T.Lu
- Sedum microsepalum Hayata – north-central Taiwan
- Sedum morrisonense Hayata
- Sedum nokoense Yamam.
- Sedum parviflorum S.S.Ying
- Sedum parvisepalum subsp. parvisepalum – central Taiwan
- Sedum sasakii Hayata – northern Taiwan
- Sedum sekiteiense Yamam. – northern Taiwan
- Sedum shaoakouense S.S.Ying
- Sedum shengkuangense S.S.Ying
- Sedum tachingshuianum S.S.Ying
- Sedum taiwanalpinum H.W.Lin, J.C.Wang & C.T.Lu
- Sedum taiwanianum S.S.Ying
- Sedum tarokoense H.W.Lin & J.C.Wang – eastern Taiwan
- Sedum triangulisepalum T.S.Liu & N.J.Chung ex T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung
- Sinocrassula parvifoliana S.S.Ying
- Sinocrassula shaolinchiana S.S.Ying
- Sinocrassula taiwaniana S.S.Ying
Cucurbitaceae
[edit]- Sinobaijiania taiwaniana (Hayata) C.Jeffrey & W.J.de Wilde
- Trichosanthes homophylla Hayata
- Trichosanthes taiwanensis S.S.Ying
Cupressaceae
[edit]- Calocedrus formosana (Florin) Florin – northern and central Taiwan
- Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. – northern and central Taiwan
- Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana (Hayata) Hayata – northern and central Taiwan
- Juniperus morrisonicola Hayata
- Juniperus tairukouensis S.S.Ying
- Juniperus tsukusiensis var. taiwanensis (R.P.Adams & C.F.Hsieh) R.P.Adams – Mt. Chingshui
Cyatheaceae
[edit]- Cibotium taiwanense C.M.Kuo
Cyperaceae
[edit]- Carex ayako-maedae T.Koyama
- Carex caucasica subsp. jisaburo-ohwiana (T.Koyama) T.Koyama
- Carex dissitiflora subsp. taiwanensis (Ohwi) T.Koyama
- Carex dolichostachya subsp. trichosperma (Ohwi) T.Koyama – Mt. Alishan
- Carex fulvorubescens subsp. fulvorubescens
- Carex gentilis var. nakaharae (Hayata) T.Koyama
- Carex morii Hayata
- Carex orthostemon Hayata
- Carex urelytra Ohwi
- Fimbristylis shimadana Ohwi
- Fimbristylis subinclinata T.Koyama – eastern Taiwan
Daphniphyllaceae
[edit]- Daphniphyllum × lanyuense (T.C.Huang) M.S.Tang, S.H.Liu & Yuen P.Yang (D. macropodum × D. pentandrum) – Lan Yü
Dioscoreaceae
[edit]- Dioscorea formosana R.Knuth
Ebenaceae
[edit]- Diospyros fengchangensis S.Y.Lu
- Diospyros kotoensis T.Yamaz. – Lan Yü
Elaeagnaceae
[edit]- Elaeagnus darenensis S.S.Ying
- Elaeagnus formosana Nakai
- Elaeagnus formosensis Hatus. – southern Taiwan
- Elaeagnus grandifolia Hayata – central Taiwan
- Elaeagnus tarokoensis S.Y.Lu & Yuen P.Yang
- Elaeagnus thunbergii Servett.
Elaeocarpaceae
[edit]- Elaeocarpus decipiens var. changii Y.Tang – southern Taiwan
- Elaeocarpus hayatae Kaneh. & Sasaki – southern Taiwan including Lan Yü
Ericaceae
[edit]- Chimaphila monticola subsp. taiwaniana (Masam.) Hid.Takah.
- Gaultheria taiwaniana S.S.Ying – central Taiwan
- Pyrola alboreticulata Hayata
- Pyrola morrisonensis (Hayata) Hayata
- Rhododendron breviperulatum Hayata – northern and eastern Taiwan
- Rhododendron chilanshanense Kurash. – northern Taiwan (Mt. Chilan)
- Rhododendron chiliangense S.S.Ying
- Rhododendron formosanum Hemsl. – southern Taiwan
- Rhododendron huanshanense S.S.Ying
- Rhododendron hyperythrum Hayata
- †Rhododendron kanehirae E.H.Wilson – northern Taiwan (Peishi River). Last recorded in 1984
- Rhododendron kawakamii Hayata
- Rhododendron lasiostylum Hayata – central Taiwan
- Rhododendron longiperulatum Hayata – southern Taiwan
- Rhododendron morii Hayata - central Taiwan
- Rhododendron nakaharae Hayata – northern Taiwan
- Rhododendron nantouense S.S.Ying
- Rhododendron noriakianum T.Suzuki – northern and central Taiwan
- Rhododendron oldhamii Maxim.
- Rhododendron pachysanthum Hayata – central Taiwan
- Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum Hayata – central Taiwan
- Rhododendron rubropilosum Hayata – central Taiwan
- Rhododendron rubropilosum var. grandiflorum T.Yamaz. – Nantou
- Rhododendron rubropilosum var. rubropilosum – central Taiwan
- Rhododendron shaoakouense S.S.Ying
- Rhododendron sikayotaizanense Masam.
- Rhododendron taiwanalpinum Ohwi – central Taiwan
- Vaccinium delavayi subsp. merrillianum (Hayata) R.C.Fang
- Vaccinium dunalianum var. caudatifolium (Hayata) H.L.Li
- Vaccinium japonicum var. lasiostemon Hayata
- Vaccinium kengii C.E.Chang – northern and central Taiwan
- Vaccinium wrightii var. formosanum (Hayata) H.L.Li – eastern Taiwan
Euphorbiaceae
[edit]- Acalypha eastmostpointensis S.S.Ying
- Acalypha matsudae Hayata – Hengchun Peninsula
- Euphorbia garanbiensis Hayata – southern Taiwan
- Euphorbia hsinchuensis (S.C.Lin & S.M.Chaw) C.Y.Wu & J.S.Ma – Taiwan (Xinzhu)
- Euphorbia taihsiensis (Chaw & Koutnik) Oudejans – western Taiwan
- Euphorbia tarokoensis Hayata – eastern Taiwan (Hualien)
- Euphorbia tzitanshaniana S.S.Ying
- Excoecaria formosana var. formosana
- Excoecaria kawakamii Hayata – southern Taiwan including Lan Yü
- Mallotus paniculatus var. formosanus (Hayata) Hurus.
Fabaceae
[edit]- Astragalus nankotaizanensis Sasaki
- Astragalus nokoensis Sasaki – central Taiwan
- Bauhinia longiracemosa Hayata
- Crotalaria similis Hemsl. – Hengchun Peninsula
- Dendrolobium dispermum (Hayata) Schindl.
- Derris lasiantha Hayata
- Derris laxiflora Benth.
- Dumasia villosa subsp. bicolor (Hayata) H.Ohashi & Tateishi
- Glycine dolichocarpa Tateishi & H.Ohashi
- Glycine max subsp. formosana (Hosok.) Tateishi & H.Ohashi – northern and central Taiwan
- Hylodesmum taiwanianum S.S.Ying
- Indigofera byobiensis Hosok.
- Indigofera hopingensis S.S.Ying
- Indigofera ramulosissima Hosok.
- Indigofera taiwaniana T.C.Huang & M.J.Wu
- Maackia taiwanensis Hoshi & H.Ohashi
- Millettia pulchra var. microphylla Dunn
- Mucuna gigantea subsp. tashiroi (Hayata) H.Ohashi & Tateishi
- Ormosia formosana Kaneh.
- Ormosia hengchuniana T.C.Huang, S.F.Huang & K.C.Yang
- Smithia yehii C.M.Wang, Chih Y.Chang & Y.H.Tseng
- Sohmaea gracillima (Hemsl.) H.Ohashi & K.Ohashi – southern Taiwan
- Tephrosia ionophlebia Hayata
- Tephrosia purpurea var. glabra Hosok.
- Zornia intecta Mohlenbr.
Fagaceae
[edit]- Fagus hayatae Palib. ex Hayata – northern Taiwan
- Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius (Hayata) Hayata
- Lithocarpus formosanus (Skan) Hayata
- Lithocarpus kawakamii (Hayata) Hayata
- Lithocarpus lepidocarpus (Hayata) Hayata – central and southern Taiwan
- Lithocarpus nantoensis (Hayata) Hayata – central and southern Taiwan
- Lithocarpus shinsuiensis Hayata & Kaneh. – southern Taiwan
- Quercus hypophaea Hayata
- Quercus liaoi C.F.Shen
- Quercus longinux Hayata
- Quercus morii Hayata
- Quercus spinosa subsp. miyabei (Hayata) A.Camus – central Taiwan
- Quercus stenophylloides Hayata – central Taiwan
- Quercus tarokoensis Hayata – eastern Taiwan
- Quercus tatakaensis Tomiya
Gentianaceae
[edit]- Gentiana arisanensis Hayata
- Gentiana bambuseti T.Y.Hsieh, T.C.Hsu, S.M.Ku & C.I Peng – central Taiwan
- Gentiana davidi var. formosana (Hayata) T.N.Ho
- Gentiana flavomaculata Hayata
- Gentiana flavomaculata subsp. flavomaculata
- Gentiana flavomaculata subsp. tatakensis (Masam.) Halda – central Taiwan
- Gentiana kaohsiungensis Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang
- Gentiana scabrida subsp. horaimontana (Masam.) Halda – central Taiwan
- Gentiana scabrida subsp. itzershanensis (T.S.Liu & C.C.Kuo) Halda – central Taiwan
- Gentiana scabrida subsp. scabrida
- Gentiana taiwanialbiflora S.S.Ying
- Gentiana taiwanica T.N.Ho
- Gentiana tarokoensis Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang
- Gentiana zollingeri subsp. tentyoensis (Masam.) Halda – eastern Taiwan
- Lomatogonium chilaiensis Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang – Mt. Chilaishan
- Swertia arisanensis Hayata – central and eastern Taiwan
- Swertia changii Sheng Z.Yang – central Taiwan
- Swertia tozanensis Hayata
- Tripterospermum alutaceofolium (T.S.Liu & C.C.Kuo) J.Murata – northern Taiwan
- Tripterospermum cordifolium (Yamam.) Satake
- Tripterospermum guanwuense S.S.Ying
- Tripterospermum hualienense T.C.Hsu & S.W.Chung
- Tripterospermum lanceolatum (Hayata) H.Hara ex Satake
- Tripterospermum lilungshanense Chih H.Chen & J.C.Wang – south-central Taiwan
- Tripterospermum microphyllum Harry Sm.
- Tripterospermum shaolinchianum S.S.Ying
- Tripterospermum taiwanense (Masam.) Satake – central and southern Taiwan
Geraniaceae
[edit]- Geranium hayatanum Ohwi
- Geranium suzukii Masam.
Gesneriaceae
[edit]- Lysionotus pauciflorus var. ikedae (Hatus.) W.T.Wang – Lan Yü
- Lysionotus tairukouensis S.S.Ying
- Rhynchotechum brevipedunculatum J.C.Wang
- Rhynchotechum lalashanense S.S.Ying
- Rhynchotechum uniflorum S.S.Ying
- Whytockia sasakii (Hayata) B.L.Burtt
Gleicheniaceae
[edit]- Dicranopteris tetraphylla (Rosenst.) C.M.Kuo
Grossulariaceae
[edit]- Ribes formosanum Hayata
Hydrangeaceae
[edit]- Deutzia taiwanensis (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid. – northern Taiwan
- Hydrangea lalashanensis S.S.Ying
- Hydrangea longifolia Hayata
- Hydrangea pingtungensis S.S.Ying
- Hydrangea taiwaniana Y.C.Liu & F.Y.Lu – central Taiwan
Hymenophyllaceae
[edit]- Hymenophyllum alishanense De Vol
- Hymenophyllum chamaecyparicola T.C.Hsu & Z.X.Chang
- Hymenophyllum devolii M.J.Lai
- Hymenophyllum exquisitum T.C.Hsu & Y.S.Chao
- Hymenophyllum okadae Masam.
- Hymenophyllum parallelocarpum Hayata
- Hymenophyllum semialatum T.C.Hsu – Mt. Tahan
- Hymenophyllum taiwanense (Tagawa) C.V.Morton
Hypericaceae
[edit]- Hypericum eastmostianum S.S.Ying
- Hypericum formosanum Maxim. – northern Taiwan
- Hypericum geminiflorum subsp. simplicistylum (Hayata) N.Robson – north-central and central Taiwan
- Hypericum gouanyuanianum S.S.Ying
- Hypericum lalashanense S.S.Ying
- Hypericum nagasawae Hayata – north-central and central Taiwan
- Hypericum nakamurae (Masam.) N.Robson – east-northeastern Taiwan (Hualian)
- Hypericum nokoense Ohwi east-central Taiwan
- Hypericum subalatum Hayata – northern and northeastern Taiwan
Iridaceae
[edit]- Iris formosana Ohwi – northeastern Taiwan
- Iris nantouensis S.S.Ying – central Taiwan
Cultivated crops endemic to Taiwan
[edit]See also
[edit]- List of protected species in Taiwan
- Category:Endemic flora of Taiwan
- Category:Endemic fauna of Taiwan
References
[edit]- ^ Hsieh, Chang-Fu (2002). "Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora". Taiwania. 47 (4): 298–310. doi:10.6165/tai.2002.47(4).298.
- ^ Neosalanx acuticeps
- ^ Endemic plants of Taiwan, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 October 2024.