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Peace and Freedom Party

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Peace and Freedom Party
LeaderCentral Committee
FoundedJune 23, 1967; 57 years ago (1967-06-23)
Membership (January 2024)133,914 registered voters[1]
IdeologySocialism
Eco-socialism
Socialist feminism
Pro-peace
Political positionLeft-wing[2]
Members in elected offices0
Website
peaceandfreedom.us
This article is part of a series on
Socialism
in the United States
History
Utopian socialism

Progressive Era

Repression and persecution

Anti-war and civil rights movements

Contemporary

People
Active organizations
Inactive or defunct organizations
Works
Related topics

The Peace and Freedom Party (PFP) is a socialist political party in the United States. PFP operates mostly in California.[2] PFP formed in 1966 from anti-Vietnam War and pro-civil rights movements.

Notable past and present members include Bob Avakian, Emmy Lou Packard, Byron Randall, and (briefly) Murray Rothbard.

Organization

[edit]

Members

[edit]

In January 2000, PFP had 75,277 registered voters.[3] In February 2005, PFP had 67,238 registered voters.[4] In January 2010, PFP had 55,036 registered voters.[5] In January 2016, PFP had 75,579 registered voters.[6]

In February 2019, PFP had 76,784 registered voters.[7] In February 2021, PFP had 105,535 registered voters.[8] In January 2024, PFP had 133,914 registered voters.[1]

Preference primaries

[edit]

Like many minor parties, PFP holds a non-binding "preference primary" for President. The PFP presidential candidate is ultimately selected by the PFP State Convention, at which only State Executive Committee (SEC)[a] members can vote.[9][10][11][12][13][14] The SEC is directly elected through write-ins in the California primary system[14] every two years.[15] The SEC had about 130 members in 2024[13] and 90 in 2008.[14]

Since January 2001, California has had a "modified" closed primary system in which political parties can determine whether or not to allow voters who are not affiliated with any party, or No Party Preference, are allowed to participate in the party's primary. Since the 2004 primaries, PFP has never allowed "independent" voters to vote in their party's primaries.[16]

Ideology

[edit]

PFP is a socialist party "committed to feminism, [...] democracy, ecology, and racial equality",[17] PFP strongly supports environmentalism, aboriginal rights, LGBT rights, abortion rights, public healthcare, public education, and subsidized housing.[17] PFP is Anti-Zionist.[18]

History

[edit]

Founding

[edit]

After the 1967 Century City anti-Vietnam War march on June 23, 1967, anti-war and civil rights supporters began collecting petitions for the Peace and Freedom Party. PFP's founders opposed the Democratic Party's support for the war in Vietnam and saw the Democrats as failing to effectively support the civil rights movement.[19]: 761 [20]: 121 [21]

On January 2, 1968, PFP organizers submitted 105,100 signatures to receive party status in California.[19]: 761  PFP has had ballot access in California since 1968, except between 1998 and 2002.[20]: 128  In 2003, PFP became the first party in the history of California to regain its ballot status.[22]

In 1968, PFP suffered a minor split: Dick Gregory and others split to create the Freedom and Peace Party (FPP), for which Gregory ran in the 1968 United States presidential election.[23] The FPP collapsed after the 1968 election.

In the 2006 California elections, two statewide Peace and Freedom Party candidates received more than the required vote, thus ensuring the party's ballot status for another four years (Elizabeth Cervantes Barron received 212,383 votes, 2.5% of the total, for Controller;[24][non-primary source needed] and Tom Condit received 187,618 votes, 2.2% of the total, for Insurance Commissioner).[25][non-primary source needed]

California's 2018 gubernatorial primary had statewide office candidates registered in the party. In the race for Insurance Commissioner, Peace and Freedom candidate Nathalie Hrizi received 316,149 votes, 5.0% of the total.[26][non-primary source needed]

Election results

[edit]

The PFP has fielded over 200 electoral candidates in the United States for local, state, and federal offices. PFP candidates usually run as official PFP candidates on their own ballot line.

No PFP candidate has yet won a contested election.

Presidential elections

[edit]
Year Presidential candidate Vice presidential candidate Popular votes % Electoral votes Result Ballot access Notes Ref
2024 Claudia de la Cruz Karina Garcia TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD The Party for Socialism and Liberation also nominated de la Cruz. [13]
2020 Gloria La Riva Sunil Freeman 85,188
0.05%
 0 Lost
191 / 538
 The Party for Socialism and Liberation also nominated La Riva, with Leonard Peltier as her running mate.[b][c] [27]
2016 Gloria La Riva Dennis Banks 74,405
0.05%
 0 Lost
112 / 538
 The Party for Socialism and Liberation also nominated La Riva, with Eugene Puryear as her running mate.[d][e] [28][29]
2012 Roseanne Barr Cindy Sheehan 67,477
0.05%
 0 Lost
141 / 538
 [f] [30][31]
2004 Leonard Peltier Janice Jordan 27,607
0.02%
 0 Lost
55 / 538
 [g] [32][33]
1996 Marsha Feinland Kate McClatchy 25,332
0.03%
 0 Lost
54 / 538
 [h] [34]
1992 Ronald Daniels Asiba Tupahache 27,961
0.03%
 0 Lost
136 / 538
 [i] [35]
1984 Sonia Johnson Emma Wong Mar 72,161
0.08%
 0 Lost
227 / 538
 [j] [36]
1980 Maureen Smith Elizabeth Cervantes Barron 18,116
0.02%
 0 Lost [k] [37]
1976 Margaret Wright Benjamin Spock 49,016
0.06%
 0 Lost Ran on the People's Party ballot line[l] [38]
1972 Benjamin Spock Julius Hobson 78,759
0.10%
 0 Lost Ran on the People's Party ballot line[m] [39]
1968 Eldridge Cleaver Peggy Terry 36,571
0.05%
 0 Lost [n][o] [40]

In 2016, both PFP's California state chair and Green candidate Jill Stein requested that the California Secretary of State allow them to be placed on the party's ballot, but this was rejected.[41] Instead, PFP nominated Party for Socialism and Liberation candidate Gloria La Riva.[28]

In 2012, Rocky Anderson won a plurality of delegates in the PFP's non-binding preference primary. However, he failed to win representatives on the PFP's Central Committee, and withdrew.[12] Instead, the PFP backed Roseanne Barr, who was supported by the Party for Socialism and Liberation.[11] Anderson would later join the Justice Party.

In 2008, the PFP endorsed Ralph Nader, an Independent, in his presidential campaign.[42][43] Other contenders were Gloria La Riva (nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation), Cynthia McKinney (nominee of the Green Party) Brian Moore (nominee of the Socialist Party), and Ralph Nader (independent). Among convention delegates, results were the following: Nader (46%), La Riva (27%), Moore (10%), and McKinney (6%).[44] The Nader campaign submitted sufficient signatures to appear on the Iowa and Utah ballots as the Peace and Freedom Party candidate. This was the first expansion of the party beyond California since the 1970s.[45] However, the party did not achieve the votes necessary to guarantee ballot access in Iowa and Utah in subsequent elections.

In 2000, PFP did not qualify for the ballot in California.[46]

In 1988, the Internationalist Workers Party, New Alliance Party, and Socialist Party USA sought the party's ballot line. The factions within the PFP could not agree on a candidate and did not have a candidate for the election.[20]: 126–128 [46]

Congressional elections

[edit]
Year Candidate Chamber State District Votes % Result Notes Ref
2024 John Parker House California 37th 7,316
8.4%
 Lost all-party blanket primary, did not advance to general [47]
2022 José Cortés House California 51st 3,343
2.2%
 Lost all-party blanket primary, did not advance to general [48]
2022 John Parker Senate California At-Large 105,477[p]
1.7%
 Lost all-party blanket primary, did not advance to general [48]
2020 José Cortés House California 50th 1,821
0.9%
 Lost all-party blanket primary, did not advance to general [27]
2018 John Parker Senate California At-Large 22,825
0.3%
 Lost all-party blanket primary, did not advance to general [49]
2016 Joe Williams House California 20th 6,400
3.9%
 Lost all-party blanket primary, did not advance to general [29]
2014 Adam Shbeita House California 44th 9,192
13.35%
 Lost general election [50]
2010 Mike Roskey House California 3rd 4,789
1.83%
 Lost [51]
2010 Gerald Allen Frink House California 5th 4,594
2.66%
 Lost [51]
2010 Eugene Ruyle House California 6th 5,915
2.26%
 Lost [51]
2010 Gloria La Riva House California 8th 5,161
2.46%
 Lost [51]
2010 Larry Allen House California 9th 1,670
0.78%
 Lost [51]
2010 Richard Castaldo House California 30th 3,115
1.31%
 Lost [51]
2010 Miriam Clark House California 50th 5,470
2.18%
 Lost [51]
2010 Marsha Feinland Senate California At-Large 135,093
1.35%
 Lost [51]
2008 Dina Padilla House California 3rd 13,378
4.26%
 Lost [52]
2008 L Roberts House California 5th 10,731
4.85%
 Lost [52]
2008 Bill Callison House California 7th 6,695
2.85%
 Lost [52]
2008 Eugene Ruyle House California 10th 11,062
3.75%
 Lost [52]
2008 Nathalie Hrizi House California 12th 5,793
2.17%
 Lost [52]
2006 Timothy Stock House California 1st 3,503
1.61%
 Lost [53]
2006 Michael Roskey House California 3rd 2,370
1.04%
 Lost [53]
2006 John Reiger House California 5th 2,018
1.35%
 Lost [53]
2006 Lynda Llamas House California 29th 2,599
1.81%
 Lost [53]
2006 Adele Cannon House California 30th 4,546
2.15%
 Lost [53]
2006 James Smith House California 36th 4,592
2.76%
 Lost [53]
2006 Kevin Akin House California 44th 4,486
3%
 Lost [53]
2006 Miriam Clark House California 50th 3,353
1.51%
 Lost [53]
2006 Marsha Feinland Senate California At-Large 117,764
1.38%
 Lost [53]
2004 John Reiger House California 5th 3,670
1.9%
 Lost [33]
2004 Leilani Dowell House California 8th 9,527
3.53%
 Lost [33]
2004 Joe Williams House California 17th 2,823
1.26%
 Lost [33]
2004 Alice Stek House California 36th 6,105
2.5%
 Lost [33]
2004 Kevin Akin House California 44th 7,559
3.36%
 Lost [33]
2004 Marsha Feinland Senate California At-Large 243,846
2.02%
 Lost [33]
1998 Ernest Jones Jr House California 1st 4,996
2.54%
 Lost [54]
1998 Gerald Sanders House California 9th 4,767
2.81%
 Lost [54]
1998 Ralph Shroyer House California 24th 1,860
1.03%
 Lost [54]
1998 Janice Jordan House California 49th 2,447
1.32%
 Lost [54]
1998 Ophie C. Beltran Senate California At-Large 48,685
0.59%
 Lost [54]
1996 Ernest Jones Jr House California 6th 6,459
2.54%
 Lost [34]
1996 Tom Condit House California 9th 5,561
2.77%
 Lost [34]
1996 Timothy Thompson House California 14th 3,653
1.59%
 Lost [34]
1996 Ralph Shroyer House California 24th 6,267
2.92%
 Lost [34]
1996 Justin Charles Gerber House California 25th 2,513
1.28%
 Lost [34]
1996 John Peter Daly House California 29th 8,819
4.11%
 Lost [34]
1996 Shirley Mandel House California 30th 2,499
3.1%
 Lost [34]
1996 Kevin Akin House California 43rd 3,309
1.86%
 Lost [34]
1996 Miriam Clark House California 51st 5,407
2.36%
 Lost [34]
1996 Janice Jordan House California 52nd 3,649
2.05%
 Lost [34]
1994 Ernest Jones Jr House California 6th 4,055
1.71%
 Lost [55]
1994 William ""Bill"" Callison House California 7th 4,798
2.88%
 Lost [55]
1994 Emma Wong Mar House California 9th 9,194
5.14%
 Lost [55]
1994 Craig Cooper House California 10th 4,802
2.05%
 Lost [55]
1994 John Honigsfeld House California 32nd 6,099
4.83%
 Lost [55]
1994 Kermit Booker House California 33rd 7,694
18.54%
 Lost [55]
1994 Richard Green House California 38th 2,995
2.05%
 Lost [55]
1994 Donna White House California 48th 8,543
4.37%
 Lost [55]
1994 Renate Kline House California 49th 4,948
2.66%
 Lost [55]
1994 Guillermo Ramirez House California 50th 3,002
2.87%
 Lost [55]
1994 Miriam Clark House California 51st 4,099
1.98%
 Lost [55]
1994 Art Edelman House California 52nd 3,221
1.89%
 Lost [55]
1994 Elizabeth Cervantes Barron Senate California At-Large 255,301
3%
 Lost [55]
1992 Phil Baldwin House California 1st 10,764
4.28%
 Lost [35]
1992 David Franklin House California 7th 9,840
4.51%
 Lost [35]
1992 Cesar Cadabes House California 8th 7,572
3.25%
 Lost [35]
1992 Dave Linn House California 9th 10,472
4.58%
 Lost [35]
1992 Mary Weldon House California 12th 10,142
4.44%
 Lost [35]
1992 Roslyn Allen House California 13th 16,768
8.16%
 Lost [35]
1992 David Wald House California 14th 3,912
1.51%
 Lost [35]
1992 Amani Kuumba House California 16th 9,370
6.01%
 Lost [35]
1992 Maureen Smith House California 17th 4,804
2.28%
 Lost [35]
1992 Dorothy Wells House California 19th 13,334
6.15%
 Lost [35]
1992 John Paul Linblad House California 24th 13,690
5.36%
 Lost [35]
1992 Nancy Lawrence House California 25th 5,090
2.33%
 Lost [35]
1992 Margery Hinds House California 26th 7,180
5.94%
 Lost [35]
1992 Margaret Edwards House California 27th 7,329
3.45%
 Lost [35]
1992 Susan Davies House California 29th 13,888
5.31%
 Lost [35]
1992 Elizabeth Nakano House California 30th 6,173
7.39%
 Lost [35]
1992 William Williams House California 32nd 9,782
5.66%
 Lost [35]
1992 Tim Delia House California 33rd 2,135
4.2%
 Lost [35]
1992 Alice Mae Miles House California 35th 2,797
2.24%
 Lost [35]
1992 Owen Staley House California 36th 13,297
3.78%
 Lost [35]
1992 B Kwaku Duren House California 37th 16,178
14.27%
 Lost [35]
1992 Paul Burton House California 38th 8,391
4.43%
 Lost [35]
1992 Margie Akin House California 40th 11,839
5.77%
 Lost [35]
1992 Mike Noonan House California 41st 10,136
5.94%
 Lost [35]
1992 Macine Wuirk House California 47th 12,297
4.84%
 Lost [35]
1992 Donna White House California 48th 13,396
5.81%
 Lost [35]
1992 Wilton Zaslow House California 49th 4,738
1.9%
 Lost [35]
1992 Roger Batchelder House California 50th 4,250
3.11%
 Lost [35]
1992 Miriam Clark House California 51st 10,307
4.07%
 Lost [35]
1992 Dennis Gretsinger House California 52nd 5,734
2.68%
 Lost [35]
1992 Gerald Horne Senate California At-Large 305,697
2.84%
 Lost [35]
1992 Genevieve Torres Senate California At-Large 372,817
3.45%
 Lost [35]
1990 Darlene Comingore House California 1st 34,011
14.77%
 Lost [56]
1990 Jan Tucker House California 22nd 3,963
2.19%
 Lost [56]
1990 John Honigsfeld House California 23rd 6,834
4.09%
 Lost [56]
1990 Maggie Phair House California 24th 5,706
5.49%
 Lost [56]
1990 Edward Ferrer House California 27th 7,101
4.55%
 Lost [56]
1990 William Williams House California 28th 2,723
2.85%
 Lost [56]
1990 Maxine Quirk House California 39th 6,709
3.85%
 Lost [56]
1990 Karen R Works House California 41st 15,428
7.18%
 Lost [56]
1990 Doug Hansen House California 43rd 40,212
18.1%
 Lost [56]
1990 Donna White House California 44th 5,237
4.82%
 Lost [56]
1988 Eric Fried House California 1st 22,150
8.72%
 Lost [57]
1988 Theodore ""Ted"" Zuur House California 5th 3,975
2.27%
 Lost [57]
1988 Tom Condit House California 8th 5,444
2.22%
 Lost [57]
1988 Victor Martinez House California 11th 2,906
1.42%
 Lost [57]
1988 Shirley Rachel Isaacson House California 22nd 6,298
2.66%
 Lost [57]
1988 John Honigsfeld House California 23rd 3,316
1.42%
 Lost [57]
1988 James Green House California 24th 3,571
2.3%
 Lost [57]
1988 Paul Reyes House California 25th 8,746
8.76%
 Lost [57]
1988 Salomea Honigsfeld House California 28th 2,811
1.95%
 Lost [57]
1988 B Kwaku Duren House California 31st 4,091
2.9%
 Lost [57]
1988 Vikki Murdock House California 32nd 4,032
2.35%
 Lost [57]
1988 Mike Noonan House California 33rd 3,492
1.59%
 Lost [57]
1988 Frank German House California 38th 3,547
2.41%
 Lost [57]
1988 Gretchen Farsai House California 40th 3,699
1.37%
 Lost [57]
1988 C Weber House California 41st 4,853
1.7%
 Lost [57]
1988 Richard Rose House California 42nd 6,563
2.75%
 Lost [57]
1988 M. Elizabeth Munoz Senate California At-Large 166,600
1.71%
 Lost [57]
1986 Elden Mcfarland House California 1st 12,149
5.93%
 Lost [58]
1986 Theodore ""Ted"" Zuur House California 5th 2,078
1.27%
 Lost [58]
1986 Lawrence Manuel House California 8th 4,295
2.12%
 Lost [58]
1986 Bradley Mayer House California 10th 1,701
1.42%
 Lost [58]
1986 Ron Wright House California 16th 2,017
1.23%
 Lost [58]
1986 Joel Lorimer House California 22nd 2,930
1.53%
 Lost [58]
1986 Tom Hopke House California 23rd 2,521
1.36%
 Lost [58]
1986 James Green House California 24th 5,388
4.56%
 Lost [58]
1986 Thomas O'connor Jr House California 27th 2,078
1.2%
 Lost [58]
1986 B Kwaku Duren House California 31st 2,333
2.13%
 Lost [58]
1986 John Donohue House California 32nd 2,799
2.11%
 Lost [58]
1986 Mike Noonan House California 33rd 2,500
1.51%
 Lost [58]
1986 Frank Boeheim House California 39th 2,752
1.56%
 Lost [58]
1986 Steve Sears House California 40th 5,025
2.51%
 Lost [58]
1986 Kate Mcclatchy House California 42nd 4,761
2.47%
 Lost [58]
1986 Shirley Isaacson House California 44th 1,676
1.53%
 Lost [58]
1986 Paul Kangas Senate California At-Large 33,869
0.46%
 Lost [58]
1984 Henry Clark House California 5th 3,574
1.85%
 Lost [36]
1984 Charles John Zekan House California 19th 4,161
1.83%
 Lost [36]
1984 James Green House California 24th 2,780
1.81%
 Lost [36]
1984 Thomas O'connor Jr House California 27th 3,815
1.79%
 Lost [36]
1984 Patrick Mccoy House California 32nd 2,051
1.21%
 Lost [36]
1984 Mike Noonan House California 33rd 2,371
1.14%
 Lost [36]
1984 Kevin Akin House California 35th 29,990
14.53%
 Lost [36]
1984 Michael Schuyles Bright House California 38th 3,021
1.86%
 Lost [36]
1984 Maxine Bell Quirk House California 40th 3,969
1.56%
 Lost [36]
1984 John Donohue House California 42nd 5,811
2.39%
 Lost [36]
1982 Howard Fegarsky House California 2nd 3,126
1.56%
 Lost [59]
1982 John Reiger House California 3rd 6,294
2.9%
 Lost [59]
1982 Timothy-Allen Albertson House California 6th 2,366
1.29%
 Lost [59]
1982 Wilson Branch House California 11th 1,928
1%
 Lost [59]
1982 Charles Zekan House California 19th 1,520
0.82%
 Lost [59]
1982 Eugene Ruyle House California 32nd 3,473
2.38%
 Lost [59]
1982 James Michael Noonan House California 33rd 2,223
1.29%
 Lost [59]
1982 Frank Boeheim House California 39th 3,152
1.76%
 Lost [59]
1982 Maxine Bell Quirk House California 40th 4,826
2.39%
 Lost [59]
1982 John Donohue House California 42nd 5,514
2.66%
 Lost [59]
1982 David Wald Senate California At-Large 96,388
1.23%
 Lost [59]
1980 Linda Wren House California 2nd 3,354
1.28%
 Lost [37]
1980 Wilson Branch House California 11th 13,723
7.42%
 Lost [37]
1980 Adele Fumino House California 12th 3,184
1.6%
 Lost [37]
1980 Robert Goldsborough House California 13th 3,791
1.69%
 Lost [37]
1980 Jan Tucker House California 21st 2,038
1.33%
 Lost [37]
1980 Maggie Feigin House California 24th 5,905
4.02%
 Lost [37]
1980 John Donohue House California 34th 7,794
4.06%
 Lost [37]
1980 James Michael ""Mike"" Noonan House California 35th 5,492
2.82%
 Lost [37]
1980 David Wald Senate California At-Large 196,260
2.36%
 Lost [37]
1978 Irv Sutley House California 2nd 6,097
2.77%
 Lost [60]
1978 Lawrence Phillips House California 9th 5,562
4.12%
 Lost [60]
1978 Adele Fumino House California 12th 3,022
1.89%
 Lost [60]
1978 Robert Goldsborough Iii House California 13th 5,246
2.99%
 Lost [60]
1978 Milton Shiro Takei House California 19th 6,887
4.01%
 Lost [60]
1978 Bill Hill House California 21st 5,750
4.63%
 Lost [60]
1978 Kevin Casey Peters House California 24th 6,453
4.75%
 Lost [60]
1976 Robert Allred House California 2nd 6,444
2.98%
 Lost [38]
1976 Emily Siegel House California 6th 6,570
5.02%
 Lost [38]
1976 Robert Evans House California 8th 6,238
3.17%
 Lost [38]
1976 Albert Sargis House California 9th 3,386
2.06%
 Lost [38]
1976 Bill Hill House California 21st 7,178
4.69%
 Lost [38]
1976 Marilyn Seals House California 25th 4,922
6.1%
 Lost [38]
1976 David Wald Senate California At-Large 104,383
1.4%
 Lost [38]
1968 Huey P. Newton House California 7th 12,164
7.5%
 Lost [40]

Statewide elections

[edit]
Year Candidate Office State District Votes % Result Notes Ref
2022 Luis J. Rodriguez Governor California At-Large 124,672
1.8%
 Lost all-party blanket primary, did not advance to general; Green Party candidate endorsed by PFP
2018 Gloria La Riva Governor California At-Large 16,959
0.3%
 Lost all-party blanket primary, did not advance to general
2014 Cindy Sheehan Governor California At-Large 52,707
1.2%
 Lost all-party blanket primary, did not advance to general
2010 Carlos Alvarez Governor California At-Large 92,637
0.9%
 Lost
2006 Janice Jordan Governor California At-Large 69,934
0.8%
 Lost
2003 C. T. Weber Governor California At-Large 1,626
0.02%
 Lost
1998 Gloria La Riva Governor California At-Large 59,218
0.7%
 Lost
1994 Gloria La Riva Governor California At-Large 72,774
0.9%
 Lost
1990 Maria Elizabeth Muñoz Governor California At-Large 88,707
1.3%
 Lost
1986 Maria Elizabeth Muñoz Governor California At-Large 51,995
1.0%
 Lost
1982 Elizabeth Martínez Governor California At-Large 70,327
0.9%
 Lost
1978 Marilyn Seals Governor California At-Large 70,864
1.0%
 Lost
1974 Elizabeth Keathley Governor California At-Large 75,004
1.2%
 Lost supported by California Libertarian Alliance
1970 Ricardo Romo Governor California At-Large 65,954
1.0%
 Lost joined Raza Unida Party after election

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Previously, the SEC was named the State Central Committee (SCC).
  2. ^ 2020: "Ballot access" above includes all states where La Riva was not a write-in; ie, where they were a listed PSL, PFP, or LUP candidate.
  3. ^ 2020: Votes in California: 50,887 (0.29%)
  4. ^ 2016: "Ballot access" above includes all states where La Riva was not a write-in; ie, where they were a listed PSL, PFP, or LUP candidate.
  5. ^ 2016: Votes in California: 66,101 (0.46%)
  6. ^ 2012: Votes in California: 53,824 (0.41%)
  7. ^ 2004: Votes in California: 27,607 (0.22%)
  8. ^ 1996: Votes in California: 25,332 (0.25%)
  9. ^ 1992: Votes in California: 18,597 (0.21%)
  10. ^ 1984: Votes in California: 26,297 (0.28%)
  11. ^ 1980: Votes in California: 18,116 (0.21%)
  12. ^ 1976: Votes in California: 41,731 (0.53%)
  13. ^ 1972: Votes in California: 55,167 (0.66%)
  14. ^ The Freedom and Peace Party, which had split from the Peace and Freedom Party, nominated Dick Gregory for President and Mark Lane for Vice President. It received 47,149 votes.
  15. ^ 1968: Votes in California: 27,707 (0.38%)
  16. ^ In addition to running in the regularly scheduled election, Parker also ran as a write-in candidate in the special election for the same exact seat, but for a term to expire on January 3, 2023. Parker received 9,951 votes, or 0.1 percent, as a write-in candidate in the special election race.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Report of Registration by County" (PDF). California Secretary of State. January 5, 2024.
  2. ^ a b Haldane, David (January 11, 1988). "Peace, Freedom Party Still in Fray After 20 Years on Ballot". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  3. ^ "Report of Registration" (PDF). California Secretary of State. January 7, 2000.
  4. ^ "Report of Registration" (PDF). California Secretary of State. February 10, 2005.
  5. ^ "Report of Registration" (PDF). California Secretary of State. January 5, 2010.
  6. ^ "Report of Registration" (PDF). California Secretary of State. January 5, 2016.
  7. ^ "Report of Registration" (PDF). California Secretary of State. February 10, 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 4, 2019.
  8. ^ "Report of Registration" (PDF). California Secretary of State. February 10, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-20.
  9. ^ Winger, Richard (December 3, 2023). "Peace & Freedom Presidential Primary Ballot Will Contain Three Names". Retrieved December 3, 2023.
  10. ^ Stein, Mark (August 14, 1988). "Peace and Freedom Convention Becomes Free-for-All". LA Times.
  11. ^ a b Cornish, Megan (December 2013). "Leaked recording reveals how Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL) cut socialist candidates from the California ballot". Freedom Socialist. Freedom Socialist Party.
  12. ^ a b Richardson, Darcy (August 5, 2012). "Peace and Freedom Party Nominates Roseanne Barr for President".
  13. ^ a b c "Claudia De la Cruz recognized as presumptive PFP POTUS nominee - Peace and Freedom Party". peaceandfreedom.us. Retrieved 2024-08-08.
  14. ^ a b c "Convention to pick ticket". Peace and Freedom Party. May 15, 2008.
  15. ^ "Our bylaws". Peace and Freedom Party.
  16. ^ "History of Political Parties That Have Adopted Party Rules Regarding No Party Preference Voters". California Secretary of State. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  17. ^ a b "About the Peace and Freedom Party". Peace and Freedom Party. Archived from the original on 2020-05-16. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
  18. ^ "Radical Anti-Israel Candidates in the 2022 Primaries". adl.org. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  19. ^ a b Elden, James; Schweitzer, David (1971). "New Third Party Radicalism: The Case of the California Peace and Freedom Party". The Western Political Quarterly. 24 (4). Western Political Science Association: 761–74. doi:10.2307/447112. JSTOR 447112.
  20. ^ a b c Phillips, Joseph (2020). "The Peace and Freedom Party of California". Beyond Donkeys and Elephants: Minor Political Parties in Contemporary American Politics. University Press of Kansas. pp. 121–137. doi:10.2307/j.ctv15tt76n. ISBN 978-0-7006-2929-9.
  21. ^ "Los Angeles Times".
  22. ^ Fletcher, Ed (March 15, 2003). "Anti-War Party is Back on the Ballot". The Sacramento Bee.
  23. ^ Thompson, Hunter S. (1979) [1974]. The Great Shark Hunt. Gonzo Papers. Vol. 1. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 20. ISBN 0-7432-5045-1. Hubert Humphrey lost that election by a handful of votes – mine among them – and if I had it to do again I would still vote for Dick Gregory.
  24. ^ "Vote.ss.ca.gov". Vote.ss.ca.gov. Archived from the original on June 29, 2006. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  25. ^ "Vote.ss.ca.gov". Vote.ss.ca.gov. Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  26. ^ "Statement of Vote Summary Pages" (PDF). elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  27. ^ a b "Federal Elections 2020" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. October 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2022.
  28. ^ a b Peace and Freedom 2016 "Gloria La Riva – Peace and Freedom 2016". Retrieved on May 29, 2017.
  29. ^ a b "Federal Elections 2016" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. December 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.
  30. ^ Peace and Freedom 2012 "Roseanne Barr – Peace and Freedom 2012". Retrieved on May 29, 2017.
  31. ^ "Federal Elections 2012" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. July 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.
  32. ^ Peace and Freedom 2004 "Leonard Peltier for President". Retrieved on April 28, 2013.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g "Federal Elections 2004" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. July 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.
  34. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Federal Elections 96" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. July 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.
  35. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Federal Elections 92" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. July 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Federal Elections 84" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. July 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2019.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1980" (PDF). Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. April 1981. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2007.
  38. ^ a b c d e f g h "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1976" (PDF). Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. April 1977. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2007.
  39. ^ "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1972" (PDF). Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. April 1973. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2007.
  40. ^ a b "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of 1968" (PDF). Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. April 1969. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2007.
  41. ^ "SB 505 (Umberg) Presidential primary elections Oppose" (PDF). Peace and Freedom Party.
  42. ^ Office of the California Secretary of State "Nov. 2008 Statement of Vote: U.S. President by County". Retrieved on May 29, 2017.
  43. ^ Peace and Freedom 2008 "P&F Campaign 2008: Nader/Gonzalez ticket". Retrieved on May 29, 2017.
  44. ^ "Nader Wins Peace & Freedom Party Nomination – Ballot Access News". Ballot-access.org. 2 August 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
  45. ^ "Nader Submits Iowa Petition Using "Peace & Freedom" Ballot Label – Ballot Access News". Ballot-access.org. 6 August 2008. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
  46. ^ a b "PFP Presidential and VP Candidates, 1968-2020". Peace and Freedom Party. July 3, 2008.
  47. ^ Cite error: The named reference FEC20XX was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  48. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference FEC2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  49. ^ Cite error: The named reference FEC2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  50. ^ Cite error: The named reference FEC2014 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h Cite error: The named reference FEC2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  52. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference FEC2008 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cite error: The named reference FEC2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  54. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference FEC1998 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  55. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Cite error: The named reference FEC1994 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Cite error: The named reference FEC1990 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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  59. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cite error: The named reference HC1982 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  60. ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference HC1978 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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